Industrial production of ethyl acetate
First, the selection of raw materials for the industrial production of ethyl acetate
Industrial production of ethyl acetate, the selection of raw materials is very critical. Commonly used raw materials are ethanol and acetic acid, both of which are widely sourced. Ethanol can be produced by grain fermentation or ethylene hydration, the former originates from agricultural products, and the latter relies on petrochemicals. There are also many ways to obtain acetic acid, such as acetaldehyde oxidation, methanol carbonylation, etc. The choice of raw materials needs to consider cost, purity and supply stability. At the cost level, according to market price fluctuations, choose the one with high cost performance; purity is related to product quality, and high-purity raw materials can reduce the formation of impurities; supply stability ensures continuous production and avoids production stagnation due to shortage of raw materials.

Second, the reaction process of the industrial production points of ethyl acetate
1. ** Esterification reaction **: Esterification reaction occurs between ethanol and acetic acid under the action of catalyst. Commonly used catalysts include concentrated sulfuric acid, solid acid, etc. Concentrated sulfuric acid has high catalytic activity, but there are problems such as corrosion equipment and complicated subsequent treatment. Solid acid catalysts have the advantages of easy separation and reusability. The control of reaction conditions is important. The temperature is generally 110-120 ° C. The reaction rate and equilibrium conversion rate are better in this temperature range. The pressure is usually normal pressure or slightly higher than normal pressure. Excessive pressure increases equipment requirements and costs.
2. ** Other processes **: In addition to traditional esterification, there are acetaldehyde acetation and so on. Acetaldehyde is condensed under the action of a catalyst to form ethyl acetate. This process has high atomic utilization and is environmentally friendly, but it requires strict requirements for catalysts and reaction conditions.

III. Product Separation and Purification of Ethyl Acetate Industrial Production Points
The mixture after the reaction contains ethyl acetate, unreacted raw materials and by-products, which need to be separated and purified.
1. ** Distillation **: Using the difference in boiling points of each component, the crude product of ethyl acetate is initially separated by ordinary distillation, and separated from high boiling point impurities.
2. ** Extraction **: Using an appropriate extractant, such as a saturated sodium carbonate solution, the residual acetic acid and ethanol in the crude product are extracted. Sodium carbonate can neutralize acetic acid, reduce the solubility of ethyl acetate, and facilitate stratified separation.
3. ** Drying **: After separation, the organic phase is removed with a desiccant such as anhydrous magnesium sulfate to obtain a relatively pure ethyl acetate.
4. ** Distillation **: Further distillation, precise control of temperature and pressure, to obtain high-purity ethyl acetate products to meet different industrial needs.

IV. Equipment and safety of the main points of industrial production of ethyl acetate
1. ** Equipment **: Production requires a variety of equipment, such as reaction kettle for esterification reaction, the material is selected according to the nature of the catalyst, anti-corrosion. Distillation tower, extraction tower and other separation equipment to ensure efficient mass transfer and heat transfer. Pipeline conveying materials, reasonable pipe diameter and flow rate design to ensure smooth flow of materials.
2. ** SAFETY **: Ethanol, acetic acid, etc. in the production process are flammable, explosive and corrosive substances. Equipment needs to be well sealed to prevent leakage. Ventilation facilities are set up in the workshop to discharge volatile and harmful gases in time. Operators are strictly trained, master operating procedures, and equipped with protective equipment to ensure safe production.