On the carbon source and nitrogen source in Tsb medium
The culture medium depends on the growth of microorganisms. Among them, Tsb medium is very important in the field of microbial culture, and carbon source and nitrogen source are its key elements.

Carbon source is like the food base of microorganisms. In Tsb medium, carbon source provides energy for microbial growth and is the raw material for bacterial construction. All kinds of sugars, such as glucose, sucrose, etc., are often the choice of carbon source. Glucose is easy to be ingested and utilized by microorganisms, and its structure is simple. It can be quickly converted into energy through a series of metabolic pathways to meet the needs of microbial growth and reproduction. Microorganisms use respiration to gradually oxidize and decompose glucose to release energy, which is used for life activities such as cell division and material synthesis. And when carbon is derived from the protein, nucleic acid, fat and other substances of synthetic bacteria, it is also a donor of carbon frame, which is related to the shaping of microbial cell structure.

Nitrogen sources are for microorganisms, just like masonry is for buildings, and are necessary for the synthesis of nitrogen-containing biological macromolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids. In Tsb medium, nitrogen sources are diverse. Organic nitrogen sources, such as peptone, beef paste, etc., are rich in a variety of amino acids and polypeptides, which not only provide nitrogen for microorganisms, but also are accompanied by various growth factors, which can promote microbial growth. Peptone is hydrolyzed from protein and is rich in amino acids. Microorganisms can ingest specific amino acids to synthesize the proteins they need according to their own needs. Inorganic nitrogen sources, such as ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, etc., are also used. Nitrate and ammonium in ammonium nitrate can be selectively utilized by different microorganisms. Some autotrophic microorganisms can use specific enzymes to convert inorganic nitrogen sources into organic nitrogen-containing substances to satisfy their own growth.

The ratio of carbon source to nitrogen source in Tsb medium is very important. The appropriate ratio can make microorganisms grow and flourish. If there are too many carbon sources, the nitrogen source is relatively scarce. Although microorganisms can obtain sufficient energy, due to insufficient nitrogen, it is difficult to continue the synthesis of protein and nucleic acid, resulting in growth restriction or abnormal morphology of bacteria. On the contrary, if there are too many nitrogen sources, the supply of carbon sources is insufficient, and the energy supply of microorganisms is insufficient, it will not be able to grow and reproduce normally. Therefore, when formulating Tsb medium, the proportion of carbon source and nitrogen source should be precisely controlled, and the type and dosage of carbon source and nitrogen source should be carefully selected according to the characteristics of the cultured microorganisms, so as to create a suitable growth environment, so that the microorganisms can thrive and lay a solid foundation for the application of scientific research, industrial fermentation and other fields.