Ethyl acetate
1. Application of ethyl acetate
Ethyl acetate has a wide range of uses. In the chemical industry, it is often an excellent organic solvent. Among many coatings and inks, due to its solubility, pigments, resins, etc. are evenly dispersed, so that the product coating and printing effect is better. For example, wood paint, automobile paint, ethyl acetate can be used to obtain a smooth and bright coating.

In the pharmaceutical industry, it is also indispensable. It can be used as a solvent in the process of pharmaceutical preparations to assist in the dissolution and mixing of pharmaceutical ingredients to ensure uniform drug quality. And because of its relatively low toxicity and easy volatilization, it is suitable as a solvent in the production process of preparations. It is easy to remove later and does not affect the quality of drugs.

In the fragrance industry, ethyl acetate has a unique fruit aroma and is often used to prepare various edible and daily flavors. It can create fruit aromas such as apples and bananas, adding attractive aromas to food and beverages, and also imparting a pleasant fragrance to daily chemical products such as perfumes and air fresheners.

Second, the properties of ethyl acetate
1. ** Physical properties **: Ethyl acetate is a colorless and transparent liquid, volatile, and has a special fragrance. The density is less than water, about 0.902 g/cm ³, boiling point 77.1 ° C, melting point -83.6 ° C. It is partially miscible with water, and can be miscible with most organic solvents such as ethanol and ether. Its vapor is heavier than air and can spread to a considerable distance at a lower place. In case of ignition, it will catch fire and backfire.
2. ** Chemical properties **: It is an ester compound and has the typical chemical properties of esters. It can undergo hydrolysis reaction. Under the catalysis of acid or base, it reacts with water to form acetic acid and ethanol. Hydrolysis is a reversible reaction under acidic conditions, while hydrolysis is more complete under alkaline conditions. It can also occur alcoholysis reaction, and other alcohols under the action of catalyst to form new esters and ethanol. Ammonolysis reaction can also be carried out to form acetamide and ethanol.

III. Production of ethyl acetate
1. ** Esterification method **: This is a common production method. Acetic acid and ethanol were used as raw materials and were prepared by esterification reaction under the action of concentrated sulfuric acid and other catalysts. The reaction formula is: $CH_ {3} COOH + C_ {2} H_ {5} OH\ underset {\ Delta} {\ overset {H_ {2} SO_ {4}} {\ rightleftharpoons}} CH_ {3} COOC_ {2} H_ {5} + H_ {2} O $. The raw materials of this method are easy to obtain, but the reaction is reversible, and water needs to be continuously removed to promote the forward movement of equilibrium and improve the yield. Water can be removed by azeotropic distillation and other methods.
2. ** Acetaldehyde acetation method **: Acetaldehyde is used as raw material, and ethyl acetate is formed by condensation reaction under the action of catalyst aluminum ethyl alcohol. $2CH_ {3} CHO\ overset {aluminum ethyl alcohol} {\ longrightarrow} CH_ {3} COOC_ {2} H_ {5} $. This method has high atomic utilization rate and relatively simple process, but the cost of acetaldehyde raw materials and catalyst selection and recycling need to be considered.
3. ** Ethylene addition method **: Ethylene, acetic acid and oxygen are used as raw materials, and ethyl acetate is directly reacted to form ethyl acetate under the action of palladium-gold catalysts. $CH_ {2} = CH_ {2} + CH_ {3} COOH +\ frac {1} {2} O_ {2}\ overset {catalyst} {\ longrightarrow} CH_ {3} COOC_ {2} H_ {5} $. This method has high atomic economy and short process. It is a potential production process, but it has high requirements for catalysts and harsh reaction conditions.